India and Pakistan on Saturday reached an understanding to stop all military actions on land, in the air and at the sea, in a U.S.-brokered ceasefire.

Some details are clouded by contradictory statements and disinformation. But a pattern of rapid escalation brought the conflict to the brink of catastrophe.

Indian shares logged their best session in more than four years on Monday, surging nearly 4% in a broad-based relief rally after the country reached and held a fragile ceasefire with Pakistan over the weekend after days of cross-border clashes.